چکیده مقاله
Sports refers to all types of physical activity of the body that participants can participate in regularly and organized or occasionally and use it to improve their fitness and mental balance or to provide entertainment and recreation Sports can be held competitively, in which case one or more winners should be determined based on the field of rules that are agreed upon by everyone, and in such sports, the participants must have a certain degree of ability related to that field, especially in the higher ranks Have Exercising at altitude has a positive effect not only on the body but also on the mind The mental component is as important as the physical adaptation Training at altitude is harder and this mental toughness will help you perform better on race day To exercise at high altitude means working in an environment with reduced atmospheric pressure The oxygen tension of the inspired air is therefore decreased, that is, there is atmospheric hypoxia Exercise increases oxygen requirements which must now be met in the face of this decreased oxygen driving pressure The initial handicap is less complete oxygenation of blood within the lung In an effort to preserve oxygen delivery, a greater volume of blood is circulated, that is, cardiac output is increased However, this pattern of compensation is only temporary Within days, hemoconcentration increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, and as a consequence, less cardiac output is required to maintain oxygen delivery In fact, cardiac output decreases to levels lower than existed prior to ascent This reduction in cardiac output results primarily from a decrease in stroke volume due to less venous return secondary to the smaller blood volume produced by hemoconcentration The hypoxia of high altitude produces sustained stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system Initially, this increases heart rate, but, with time, the responsiveness of the heart decreases, so the initial tachycardia may not be sustained Other consequences of sympathetic stimulation include an increase in resting metabolic rate, a shift away from glycogen toward free fatty acids as primary energy sources, and bone marrow stimulation to increase red cell production The parasympathetic nervous system may also be stimulated at high altitude, which may explain the reduction in maximum heart rate Upon arrival at high altitude, aerobic working capacity is reduced Although this may or may not be attenuated following adaptation, endurance capacity does seem to improve Several parallels therefore emerge between adaptation to the hypoxia of high altitude and adaptation to the struggle for oxygen created by exercise training at low altitude Sympathetic stimulation is common to both forms of hypoxic stress, and similar responses, particularly metabolic, result Not surprisingly, then, exercise training provides an advantage to adaptation to high altitude
کلیدواژهها
نویسندگان
Fajoej Shameli Dorrabi
Master of Sports Pathology and Corrective Exercises, Corrective Exercises, Non Governmental Non Profit Shomal University, Amol, Iran
شیوه ارجاع
Shameli Dorrabi, Fajoej,1401,An analysis and comparison of training at altitude versus training at sea level in amateur runners and a review of the benefits of training at altitude,The 11th International Conference on Health, Treatment and Health Promotion
ارائهشده در
مجموعه مقالات یازدهمین کنفرانس بین المللی بهداشت،درمان و ارتقای سلامت17 آذر 1401