چکیده مقاله
Introduction: Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major global health threat, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children Children, especially those under 15 years old, are biologically more susceptible to these environmental stressors due to their underdeveloped lungs, higher respiratory rates, and still maturing immune systems This systematic review was aimed to synthesize region specific scientific evidence on the relationship between climatic variables e g , air pollution, temperature extremes, humidity levels, and particulate matter and the incidence or severity of respiratory diseases in children Methodology: A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed across four major scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar The search covered publications from January 2013 to August 2025, using a combination of controlled vocabulary and free text keywords such as climate change , respiratory diseases , children , air pollution , PM2 5 , and dust storms Studies were included if they used observational designs, focused on children under 15, were conducted at a regional or sub national level, and reported quantitative links between environmental exposures e g , temperature, air pollution, humidity, extreme weather and respiratory outcomes e g , asthma, bronchitis, or infections Study screening followed PRISMA guidelines, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool Results: Out of 2315 initial records, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria Geographical distribution included Asia 10 , Latin America 8 , Africa 7 , and the Middle East 4 The most commonly reported outcomes were asthma exacerbations 22 studies , lower respiratory tract infections 14 , and RSV related illnesses 6 Overall, 91% of studies reported a statistically significant association between at least one climate variable and an increase in respiratory illness among children In areas with PM2 5 levels exceeding 35 µg/m³, hospitalization rates for pediatric asthma were reported to be up to 2 4 times higher 95% CI: 1 9 2 9 In India, a 1°C increase in daily average temperature was associated with a 6 3% rise in respiratory infections In the Middle East, dust storm events were linked to spikes in emergency room visits for children, with an increase of up to 18% within 72 hours following the event Conclusion: There is compelling regional evidence linking climate change and pediatric respiratory morbidity These effects are particularly pronounced in low resource settings, where exposure to environmental stressors is higher and health infrastructure is limited Effective local policies focusing on air quality control, climate early warning systems, and child centered health planning are urgently needed to mitigate these impacts
کلیدواژهها
نویسندگان
Samaneh Dehghani
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hamed Soleimani
Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kazem Naddafi
Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
شیوه ارجاع
Dehghani, Samaneh and Soleimani, Hamed and Naddafi, Kazem,1404,Climate Change and the Rise of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review of Regional Studies,37th International Congress on Pediatrics,Tehran
ارائهشده در
مجموعه مقالات سی و هفتمین کنگره بیماری های کودکان17 مهر 1404 · تهران