چکیده مقاله
Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that some women experience after giving birth, in which the initial excitement of having a baby may be replaced by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and hopelessness This disorder is often caused by hormonal changes, the physical and psychological stresses of childbirth, and the new challenges of caring for a newborn, and affects about 15 percent of mothers Its symptoms can include extreme fatigue, anxiety, sleep and appetite disturbances, feelings of guilt, decreased interest in the baby, and an inability to properly care for oneself or the baby The severity of these symptoms can sometimes reach such an extent that it disrupts the process of caring for the baby and the mother's daily life Early recognition of this condition and seeking help in a timely manner are very important, because ignoring it can lead to more serious complications; fortunately, however, postpartum depression is treatable and can be completely cured with proper intervention Postpartum depression is not just “the blues after having a baby” and can be serious and debilitating Symptoms usually appear within a few weeks to months after giving birth The most common are: Emotional and psychological symptoms Persistent sadness or emptiness Unexplained or intense crying Excessive anxiety, restlessness, or panic attacks Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or inadequacy Loss of interest in things you used to enjoy Feeling distant from your baby or those around you Increased sensitivity Aggression Difficulty concentrating or making decisions Repetitive negative thoughts Intense fear of harming your baby Disturbed sleep even when your baby is sleeping or excessive sleep Changes in appetite too little or too much Extreme fatigue and lack of energy Postpartum depression is usually the result of a combination of factors Hormonal changes: After giving birth, levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone drop suddenly This sharp drop can affect brain chemicals that regulate mood, causing sadness, anxiety, or emotional instability Other hormones, such as cortisol the stress hormone and prolactin, also play a role Physical stressors extreme fatigue, constant sleep deprivation, and postpartum pain, physical and physical changes all wear down the body and make it more susceptible to depression Psychological and emotional stress sudden responsibility of caring for a newborn, fear of being a bad mother , feelings of helplessness or guilt, change of identity from wife/wife to mother These changes are a psychological shock for many Social and environmental factors lack of support from spouse or family, loneliness, financial problems, life stresses at the same time as childbirth Personal history women who have previously had depression or anxiety, having experienced a difficult birth or an unwanted pregnancy are more at risk of postpartum depression In the world for the treatment of postpartum depression PPD The current review by searching in reliable books and useful databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Mag Iran, Iran Dog, and Iran Medex in the years 2015 to 2025 with keywords such as depression, postpartum blue, healthcare and anxiety was done There are a variety of treatments available, from “classic” to newer and more emerging options Depending on the severity of symptoms, the individual’s condition, breastfeeding status, and choice of therapist, one or more treatments may be used together: 1 Non pharmacological treatments basic and common a Psychotherapy This is one of the most widely used treatments, especially for mild to moderate depression Cognitive behavioral therapy CBT Helps change negative beliefs and unhealthy thought patterns Interpersonal therapy IPT Focuses on improving relationships and social support Group support and family counseling 2 Pharmacotherapy antidepressants a Common antidepressants Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs such as sertraline, fluoxetine This group works in many cases, although strong scientific evidence about their exact effectiveness in PPD is still limited The choice of medication, dosage, and duration of treatment is usually based on the severity of the depression and the individual circumstances e g , breastfeeding Newer treatments for postpartum depression are now available, such as: 3 Neurosteroids – Newer medications several new drug treatments have been developed in recent years that have been approved for the treatment of PPD: a Zuranolone Zurzuvae The oral tablet is the first oral medication specifically for postpartum depression that enhances GABA activity in the brain and can improve symptoms much more quickly than older medications, usually within 2–4 weeks b Brexanolone
کلیدواژهها
نویسندگان
Faezeh Mohammadi
Department of Midwifery, Na C , Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Nursing & Midwifery sciences Development Research Center, Na C , Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
Nasim khademi
Department of Midwifery, Na C , Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran Nursing & Midwifery sciences Development Research Center, Na C , Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
شیوه ارجاع
Mohammadi, Faezeh and khademi, Nasim,1404,Postpartum depression: causes, factors, and new treatments,25th International Conference on Psychology, Counseling, and Educational Sciences
ارائهشده در
مجموعه مقالات بیست و پنجمین کنفرانس بین المللی روانشناسی، مشاوره و علوم تربیتی17 بهمن 1404 · مسجد سلیمان